The concept of a Brady violation originates from the landmark United States Supreme Court case Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963). A Brady violation occurs when the prosecution in a criminal case fails to disclose evidence that is favorable to the defense. This type of evidence, which could potentially exonerate the defendant or reduce their punishment, is known as "exculpatory evidence." The failure to disclose such evidence violates the defendant's right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.